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Arab Lictor Youth
Arab Lictor Youth ((アラビア語:شباب الليتوريو العرب) ''Shabāb Al-Līttūriw Al-ʿArab'', (イタリア語:Gioventù Araba del Littorio), abbreviated G.A.L.) was a fascist youth organization for Arab youth in Italian Libya.
==History==
GAL was founded by the Italian Governor-General in Libya, Italo Balbo, in October 1935.〔Munzi, Massimiliano. ''(L'epica del ritorno: archeologia e politica nella Tripolitania italiana )''. Saggi di storia antica, 17. Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider, 2001. 83〕 GAL functioned as the Libyan counterpart of the Italian Lictor Youth (GIL).〔Segrè, Claudio G. ''(Italo Balbo: A Fascist Life )''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987. p. 328〕 GAL was divided into ''Aftal'' (organizing children up to twelve years of age, similar to the ''Opera Nazionale Balilla'' movement in Italy) and ''Sciubban'' (organizing youngsters between thirteen and eighteen years of age). GAL was mainly based in the larger cities along the Mediterranean coast.〔 GAL contingents marched at virtually all parades 〔( Original Video of 1937 with GAL parade (in Italian) )〕 and festivals held in Libya at the time.〔
The organization provided pre-military and cultural education to Libyan Arab youth. These training programmes became an important part of the educational system during fascist rule in Libya, preparing young Libyans for military service in the Italian armed forces.〔McLaren, Brian. ''(Architecture and Tourism in Italian Colonial Libya: An Ambivalent Modernism )''. Studies in modernity and national identity. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2005. p. 101〕〔Kotschnig, Walter M.. ''(Review: The School in Colonial Expansion )''〕 GAL also had sports activities; it was one of two sports organization in Libya at the time which was open to Muslims.〔Scego, Igiaba.''(Apartheid italico )〕 The sporting activities of the organization were led by Ramadan Alì.〔Gabrielli, Gianluca. ''(L'attività sportiva nelle colonie italiane durante il fascismo. )''〕 As per ideological indoctrination, there is little evidence to suggest that the organization was particularly successful in instilling fascist ideological doctrine amongst the Libyan youth.〔
Having had at least one year of membership in GAL was one of the conditions for Libyan Muslims seeking Italian citizenship.〔Tironi, Stefano. ''(La comunità ebraica tripolina tra la Libia e Roma )''〕 There was also a corresponding movements for adults, the Muslim Association of the Lictor (a referent of the National Fascist Party).〔''(Storia del Ventennio Fascista )''〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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